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Signal vs. Noise: Cool “Core” CPI, Hot “Headline” CPI

Signal vs. Noise: Cool “Core” CPI, Hot “Headline” CPI

June 12, 2026

⚡️Market Strategy Flash

June 11, 2026

What Happened: As expected, the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ (BLS’) Consumer Price Index (CPI) for All Urban Consumers (read: “headline” CPI) popped 0.5% month-over-month (M/M) and 4.2% year-over-year (Y/Y) in May. By contrast, the CPI for All Items Less Food & Energy (read: “core” CPI) rose by a less-than-expected 0.2% M/M and 2.9% Y/Y in the same time frame (see the chart below).

War-Flation: Clearly, the Iran war-related impact on the CPI for Energy, which soared 23.5% Y/Y last month, is driving a wedge between “headline” heat and “core” coolness. While the geopolitical oil supply shock continues, the saving grace is that it was anticipated by markets and investors are coming to understand the mechanical, textbook divergence in inflation trends.

Underlying inflation of 2.9% Y/Y remains relatively subdued

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Sources: BLS, WCG, 6/10/26. Notes: Core = All items minus food and energy. CPI = Consumer Price Index.

Keep Calm: Perhaps level-headed investors like us are right to “keep calm and carry on” when it comes to “transitory” energy inflation pressures. Historically, persistent run-away inflation is spurred by demand-related stress on the productive capacity of the domestic economy (see the chart below).

Non-Inflationary Equilibrium: Judging by my “normalized” composite of industrial and labor capacity utilization (capu), however, the pace of “core” CPI inflation is almost exactly where it should be:

  • Currently, economy-wide capu momentum is resting just below the “horizon” line. Specifically, a z-score of -0.1 standard deviation (SD) is virtually indistinguishable from the long-term average of 0.0, signaling that overall capacity utilization is close to perfectly balanced.
  • Looking ahead, my indicator leads the “core” CPI inflation rate by seven months, meaning a statistically neutral reading today points to a benign, trend-like inflation impulse tomorrow. In other words, structural inflation trends seem well-anchored because capacity utilization isn’t flashing signs of overheating.

Core inflation momentum is almost exactly where it should be

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Sources: BLS, FRED, WCG, 6/10/26. Notes: CapU = Capacity Utilization. Vertical gray bands = US economic recessions. Momentum = Year-over-year change.

Bottom Line: Policymakers and investors who are over-reacting to hot “headline” inflation are likely missing the forest for the trees. If broad industrial and labor capacity aren’t strained, the energy-fueled spike in “war-flation” may prove temporary. Indeed, my analysis isolates and quantifies current inflationary pressure as an “exogenous” supply-side shock, not an “endogenous” demand-driven shift.  As such, we question the need for the Federal Reserve (Fed) to raise the federal funds rate at this juncture.

Definitions

The BLS is a government agency that measures inflation, jobs, and spending in America.

The CPI tracks prices over time and shows how much everyday living costs are rising.

Industrial CapU measures factory output against full limits and shows how hard factories are running their machines.

The Unemployment Rate (UR) shows the number of jobless people looking for work as a percentage of the total labor force.

Economy-Wide CapU Momentum is a normalized sum of annual changes in the industrial capu rate and annual changes in the UR. It tracks how quickly or slowly overall factory and labor use is changing.

SD measures how spread out numbers are and tells us if data sit close to or far from average.

A z-score transformation changes raw data into standard scores and shows how many SDs a given point is from its average.

The Fed is the United States’ central bank, which influences interest rates, money supply and inflation to keep the economy and employment stable.

The federal funds rate is the target interest rate for overnight bank loans and sets the baseline cost for borrowing money.

Disclosures

The views expressed are for informational and educational purposes only and are subject to change without notice.

This material is not intended as, and should not be interpreted as, individualized investment advice or a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any security, sector, industry, or investment strategy.

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Publication Date: June 12, 2026

For Public Use in the US

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